Since he started growing cannabis at 14, Mohamed Makhlouf has lived in the shadows, losing sleep while bracing for a knock on his door from authorities that could mean prison or his entire harvest confiscated. But after decades of operating in secret, Makhlouf finally has gained peace of mind as Morocco expands legal cultivation and works to integrate veteran growers like him into the formal economy.
On his farmland deep in the Rif Mountains, stalks of a government-approved cannabis strain rise from the earth in dense clusters. He notices when police pass on a nearby road. But where the crop's aroma once meant danger, today there is no cause for concern. They know he sells to a local cooperative.
"Legalization is freedom," Makhlouf said. "If you want your work to be clean, you work with the companies and within the law."
The 70-year-old Makhlouf's story mirrors the experience of a small but growing number of farmers who started in Morocco's vast black market but now sell legally to cooperatives producing cannabis for medicinal and industrial use.
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